John Philip Holland was an Irish mathematician who came to America in 1873. During the 1870s, he developed basic designs for submarine boats. The Holland I, a test vessel, was operated in the Passaic River above the Great Falls . The Holland II, a true submersible boat, was built in New York Harbor . That ship, thirty-one feet long, and weighing 19 tons, contained all elements that form a modern submersible boat.
(words from http://patersonmuseum.com/, photo from http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/h63000/h63092.jpg)
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